Difference between endocardial and epicardial application of pulsed fields for targeting Epicardial Ganglia: An in-silico modelling study

Electric Field Models
Francisco Estevez-Laborí , Barry O’Brien, Ana Gonzalez-Suarez
Computers in Biology and Medicine 2024.

This paper presents electric field models that help explain observations around epicardial PFA being more successful than endocardial approaches at ablating ganglionated plexi. Additionally, the epicardially technique largely spares the myocardium by retaining the electric field within the epicardial fat. It also shows how epicardial parameters could be tuned to additionally include thermal effects in the fat and ganglia.